Ice, Eddard Stark's greatsword, made of Valyrian steel.
Valyrian steel is a form of metal that was forged in the days of the mighty Valyrian Freehold. It is exceptionally sharp, tremendously strong, and extravagantly expensive.
Some maesters also bear a valyrian steel link in the maester chain they wear. It is a sign that said maester has studied the "higher mysteries" - magic. This field of study, however, is mostly theoretical and its purpose is to demonstrate that magic, if it ever existed, is now extinct.
Valyrian steel swords
- Dark Sister, a longsword of House Targaryen, held by Visenya Targaryen, now lost.
- Ice, the greatsword of House Stark, now in the possession of Ser Ilyn Payne.
- Longclaw, a longsword of House Mormont, given by Jeor Mormont to Jon Snow.
In the books
In A Song of Ice and Fire, the secret of forging Valyrian steel was lost in the Doom, making weapons made of it extremely expensive. Skilled smiths can reforge Valyrian steel weapons by melting down existing ones, but it's a difficult process. The master-blacksmiths of Qohor are noted as being among the few who can successfully reforge it.
Approximately 200 Valyrian steel weapons are known to exist in Westeros. Most of them are swords, but there are a few daggers and axes as well. Valyrian steel can be identified by its dusky, unsual color and the extreme sharpness of the blade.
In addition to the above, other Valyrian steel weapons known to exist include Heartsbane (House Tarly), Lady Forlorn (House Corbray), Red Rain (House Drumm), and Nightfall (House Harlaw). Brightroar, the Valyrian sword of House Lannister, was lost in an expedition to Valyria centuries ago. An attempt to find it, led by Tywin's younger brother Gerion, apparently ended in failure, with no-one returning from the expedition. House Targaryen also possessed another Valyrian sword, Blackfyre, which was lost in the chaos following the First Blackfyre Rebellion more than a century before the events of the series.
Dawn, the sword of House Dayne, was not a Valyrian weapon but was held to have similar properties (it was forged from a meteorite).
Valyrian steel is vaguely similar to real-life Damascus steel, an exceptionally strong and sharp kind of steel made in ancient and medieval times, but whose method of creation became lost to history in the early modern era. However, Damascus steel isn't actually as strong as current kinds of steel made using modern techniques, but Valyrian steel as it is described in the books is apparently even stronger than modern steel.
See also
- Valyrian steel at A Wiki of Ice and Fire (spoilers from the books).